A Desert History: The Birth and Death of Mining Towns
A hush falls over the desert, broken only by the whisper of the wind through crumbling walls. Sunlight beats down on sun-baked earth, reflecting off the ghostly remnants of a bygone era. These are the ghost towns, silent witnesses to Nevada’s boom-and-bust history. Las Vegas, a beacon of modern entertainment and glittering lights, might seem worlds away from such desolate landscapes. Yet, just beyond the city limits lie a collection of captivating ghost towns, each a portal into the Silver State’s rich, turbulent, and often forgotten past. These abandoned settlements, once teeming with life fueled by dreams of gold and silver, now stand as stark reminders of fortunes won and lost, hopes realized and shattered. This article explores several of these fascinating ghost towns near Las Vegas, detailing their history, attractions, and how to visit them respectfully and safely.
The allure of striking it rich has always been a powerful draw, and in the nineteenth century, the promise of gold and silver in the Nevada desert ignited a frenzy unlike any other. Prospectors flocked to the region, establishing towns that sprung up seemingly overnight. These communities, fueled by the feverish pursuit of precious metals, boomed with activity, their dusty streets echoing with the sounds of pickaxes, saloons, and the relentless optimism of fortune seekers.
However, the boom was often followed by a bust. The mines, the lifeblood of these towns, eventually ran dry. Economic downturns, devastating fires, and the lack of essential infrastructure like reliable water sources contributed to their decline. As resources dwindled, residents packed up their belongings and moved on, leaving behind empty buildings, silent streets, and the ghosts of their dreams. The arrival, or absence, of the railroad was another significant factor. Towns that secured railway access thrived, becoming transportation hubs and supply centers. Those bypassed withered and died, their connection to the outside world severed. What remains are these fascinating ghost towns near Vegas, offering a somber yet intriguing look into the past.
Rhyolite: A Desert Spectacle
Rhyolite, located approximately one hundred and twenty miles north of Las Vegas near Death Valley National Park, is perhaps the most iconic and well-preserved ghost town in the area. Founded in nineteen oh four after a significant gold strike, Rhyolite quickly transformed into a bustling city, boasting electric lights, running water, a bank, a school, an opera house, and even a stock exchange. Its peak population soared to around five thousand residents.
The town’s rapid rise was mirrored by its equally swift decline. By nineteen eleven, the gold mines had begun to falter, and a national financial crisis further exacerbated the situation. The bank closed, businesses shuttered, and residents abandoned Rhyolite in droves.
Today, Rhyolite is a must-see for anyone interested in exploring ghost towns. The most striking feature is the Tom Kelly Bottle House, constructed entirely of glass bottles and adobe. It stands as a testament to the resourcefulness and ingenuity of early settlers. The remnants of the Cook Bank building, with its impressive facade, also offer a glimpse into Rhyolite’s former grandeur. The Goldwell Open Air Museum, located just outside of Rhyolite, adds an artistic dimension to the experience with its collection of unique sculptures, including the iconic “Last Supper” installation.
Access to Rhyolite is relatively easy, with paved roads leading directly to the town. However, visitors should be mindful of the desert climate and bring plenty of water. There are no services available in Rhyolite, so come prepared. Exploring the ruins is generally safe, but caution should be exercised around unstable structures.
Nelson: Eldorado Canyon’s Hidden Gem
Nestled in Eldorado Canyon, about forty-five miles southeast of Las Vegas, lies the ghost town of Nelson. This historical site offers a more rugged and raw experience than Rhyolite. The area’s rich mining history dates back to the eighteen fifties when Spanish explorers first discovered gold in the canyon.
Nelson, formerly known as Eldorado Canyon, saw a surge in activity during the Civil War as Union soldiers sought gold to fund the war effort. Mining operations continued intermittently until the early twentieth century, experiencing periods of boom and bust. Flash floods and cave-ins plagued the mines, contributing to the town’s volatile existence.
Today, Nelson is a unique blend of history and natural beauty. The Techatticup Mine, one of the oldest and richest gold mines in Nevada, is a major attraction. Guided tours offer a fascinating look into the inner workings of the mine and the lives of the miners who toiled there. The surrounding canyon is also a popular destination for hiking and photography. The remnants of old mining equipment and buildings scattered throughout the area provide a tangible connection to the past. A peculiar array of vintage vehicles and salvaged airplane parts adds to the surreal atmosphere.
Access to Nelson is generally good, although the road leading to the town can be unpaved and a bit rough in places. Four-wheel drive is not essential but recommended for a smoother ride. Safety is paramount when exploring the area. Be aware of mine shafts, loose rocks, and extreme temperatures. Guided tours are the best way to experience the Techatticup Mine safely and learn about its rich history.
Goodsprings: Where History Still Lingers
Located approximately thirty-five miles southwest of Las Vegas, Goodsprings offers a different kind of ghost town experience. While not completely abandoned, Goodsprings retains much of its historic charm and boasts a vibrant connection to the past. Founded in the early nineteen hundreds, Goodsprings thrived as a mining town, producing lead, zinc, copper, silver and even some gold. Its most famous landmark is the Pioneer Saloon, built in nineteen thirteen, which still operates today.
The Pioneer Saloon is a piece of living history. Its walls are adorned with photographs and artifacts that tell the story of Goodsprings and its residents. The saloon is also known for its connection to Hollywood, having served as a filming location for several movies and television shows. A legend claims the saloon has bullet holes from a gambler shooting another who was cheating.
Goodsprings offers a more accessible and less desolate experience than some other ghost towns. The Pioneer Saloon provides food and drinks, and the town is easily accessible by paved roads. While many of the original buildings have disappeared, the saloon and the surrounding area offer a glimpse into the town’s past. It’s worth noting that Goodsprings and the areas around it have seen an increase in visitors thanks to its prominent inclusion in the video game Fallout: New Vegas, so expect to see some fans making a pilgrimage.
St. Thomas: A Town Submerged
The ghost town of St. Thomas, while not physically present above ground most of the time, offers an intriguing and unique historical narrative. Located within what is now Lake Mead National Recreation Area, St. Thomas was established in eighteen sixty-five by Mormon pioneers. The town thrived as an agricultural community, providing essential supplies to miners and travelers in the region.
However, St. Thomas’s fate was sealed with the construction of the Hoover Dam in the nineteen thirties. As Lake Mead filled, the town was gradually submerged, becoming a ghost town beneath the waves.
During periods of severe drought, when Lake Mead’s water levels recede dramatically, the ruins of St. Thomas resurface, offering a rare opportunity to walk the streets of this once-thriving community. When visible, you can see foundations of buildings, sidewalks, and other remnants of the town.
Visiting St. Thomas requires checking Lake Mead’s water levels and accessing the area on foot. When visible, the site offers a poignant reminder of the impact of progress on communities and the ephemeral nature of human settlements. It is vital to remember to respect the environment when visiting this historical site.
Visiting Ghost Towns: A Guide to Responsible Exploration
Exploring the ghost towns near Las Vegas is an unforgettable experience, but it requires careful preparation and a commitment to responsible tourism. The desert environment can be unforgiving, and the remnants of these towns are often fragile and potentially dangerous.
Before embarking on your adventure, thoroughly research the towns you plan to visit. Check weather conditions, paying particular attention to extreme heat during the summer months. Pack plenty of water, snacks, sunscreen, a hat, and sturdy shoes. Let someone know your itinerary and estimated return time. A map and GPS are essential, as cell service can be unreliable in remote areas.
Safety should be your top priority. Stay on marked trails and be aware of your surroundings. Rattlesnakes and other wildlife are common in the desert. Do not enter abandoned mines or buildings, as they may be structurally unstable. Respect private property and “no trespassing” signs.
Leave No Trace is crucial to preserving these historical sites for future generations. Pack out all trash and do not disturb or remove any artifacts. Leave the environment as you found it, minimizing your impact on these fragile ecosystems. Resist the urge to take anything other than photos and leave nothing but footprints.
A Window to the Past
The ghost towns near Las Vegas offer a fascinating glimpse into Nevada’s rich and often turbulent history. They are a testament to the dreams, ambitions, and resilience of the people who settled this harsh and unforgiving land. From the opulent ruins of Rhyolite to the submerged remains of St. Thomas, each town tells a unique story of boom and bust, of hope and despair. These silent settlements, preserved by the arid climate, await discovery by those who are willing to venture beyond the bright lights of the Las Vegas Strip and explore the forgotten corners of the desert. By visiting these ghost towns responsibly, we can ensure that their stories continue to be told for generations to come.
If you’re interested in learning more about Nevada’s ghost towns, consider visiting the Nevada State Museum or the Nevada Historical Society. Several books and websites offer detailed information about the history of these fascinating places. Embrace the opportunity to step back in time and discover the hidden gems that lie just beyond the glitz and glamour of Las Vegas.
